157 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
157 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
.\" $OpenBSD: curs_printw.3,v 1.12 2023/10/17 09:52:08 nicm Exp $
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.\"
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.\"***************************************************************************
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.\" Copyright 2018-2021,2022 Thomas E. Dickey *
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.\" Copyright 1998-2010,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
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.\" *
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.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
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.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
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.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
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.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
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.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
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.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
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.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
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.\" *
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.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
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.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
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.\" *
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
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.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
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.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
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.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
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.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
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.\" *
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.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
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.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
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.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
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.\" authorization. *
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.\"***************************************************************************
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.\"
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.\" $Id: curs_printw.3,v 1.12 2023/10/17 09:52:08 nicm Exp $
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.TH curs_printw 3 2022-02-12 "ncurses 6.4" "Library calls"
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.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
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.el .ds `` ``
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.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
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.el .ds '' ''
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.de bP
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.ie n .IP \(bu 4
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.el .IP \(bu 2
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..
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.na
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.hy 0
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.SH NAME
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\fBprintw\fP,
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\fBwprintw\fP,
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\fBmvprintw\fP,
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\fBmvwprintw\fP,
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\fBvwprintw\fP, \fBvw_printw\fP \- print formatted output in \fBcurses\fP windows
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.ad
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.hy
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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\fB#include <curses.h>\fP
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.sp
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\fBint printw(const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
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.br
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\fBint wprintw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
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.br
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\fBint mvprintw(int \fIy\fB, int \fIx\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
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.br
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\fBint mvwprintw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, int \fIy\fB, int \fIx\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
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.br
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\fBint vw_printw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, va_list \fIvarglist\fB);\fR
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.sp
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/* obsolete */
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.br
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\fBint vwprintw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, va_list \fIvarglist\fB);\fR
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The \fBprintw\fP, \fBwprintw\fP, \fBmvprintw\fP and \fBmvwprintw\fP
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routines are analogous to \fBprintf\fP [see \fBprintf\fP(3)].
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In
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effect, the string that would be output by \fBprintf\fP is output
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instead as though \fBwaddstr\fP were used on the given window.
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.PP
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The \fBvwprintw\fP and \fBvw_printw\fP routines are analogous
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to \fBvprintf\fP [see \fBprintf\fP(3)]
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and perform a \fBwprintw\fP using a variable argument list.
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The third argument is a \fBva_list\fP, a pointer to a
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list of arguments, as defined in \fB<stdarg.h>\fP.
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.SH RETURN VALUE
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Routines that return an integer return \fBERR\fP upon failure and \fBOK\fP
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(SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than \fBERR\fP") upon successful
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completion.
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.PP
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X/Open defines no error conditions.
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In this implementation,
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an error may be returned if it cannot allocate enough memory for the
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buffer used to format the results.
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It will return an error if the window pointer is null.
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.PP
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Functions with a \*(``mv\*('' prefix first perform a cursor movement using
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\fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
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or if the window pointer is null.
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.SH HISTORY
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While \fBprintw\fP was implemented in 4BSD,
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it was unused until 4.2BSD (which used it in games).
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That early version of curses was before the ANSI C standard.
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It did not use <varargs.h>, though that was available.
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In 1991 (a couple of years after SVr4 was generally available,
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and after the C standard was published),
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other developers updated the library,
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using <stdarg.h> internally in 4.4BSD curses.
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Even with this improvement,
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BSD curses did not use function prototypes (or even declare
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functions) in the <curses.h> header until 1992.
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.PP
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SVr2 documented
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\fBprintw\fP,
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\fBwprintw\fP
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tersely as \*(``printf on \fIstdscr\fP\*('' and
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tersely as \*(``printf on \fIwin\fP\*('', respectively.
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.PP
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SVr3 added
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\fBmvprintw\fP, and
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\fBmvwprintw\fP, with a three-line summary saying that they were analogous
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to \fBprintf\fP(3),
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explaining that the string which would be output from \fBprintf\fP(3) would
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instead be output using \fBwaddstr\fP on the given window.
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SVr3 also added \fBvwprintw\fP, saying that the third parameter
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is a \fBva_list\fP, defined in <varargs.h>,
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and referring the reader to the manual pages for \fIvarargs\fP and
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\fBvprintf\fP for detailed descriptions.
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.PP
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SVr4 added no new variations of \fBprintw\fP,
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but provided for using <varargs.h> or <stdarg.h> to define the \fBva_list\fP
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type.
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.PP
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X/Open Curses added \fBvw_printw\fP to replace \fBvwprintw\fP,
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stating that its \fBva_list\fP definition requires <stdarg.h>.
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.SH PORTABILITY
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In this implementation, \fBvw_printw\fP and \fBvwprintw\fP are equivalent,
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to support legacy applications.
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However, the latter (\fBvwprintw\fP) is obsolete:
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.bP
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The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 described these functions.
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The function
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\fBvwprintw\fP is marked TO BE WITHDRAWN, and is to be replaced by a function
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\fBvw_printw\fP using the \fB<stdarg.h>\fP interface.
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.bP
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The Single Unix Specification, Version 2 states that
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\fBvw_printw\fP is preferred to \fBvwprintw\fP since the latter requires
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including \fB<varargs.h>\fP, which
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cannot be used in the same file as \fB<stdarg.h>\fP.
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This implementation uses \fB<stdarg.h>\fP for both,
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because that header is included in \fB<curses.h\fP>.
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.bP
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X/Open Curses, Issue 5 (December 2007) marked \fBvwprintw\fP (along with
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\fBvwscanw\fP and the termcap interface) as withdrawn.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.na
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\fBcurses\fP(3),
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\fBcurs_addstr\fP(3),
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\fBcurs_scanw\fP(3),
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\fBtermcap\fP(3),
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\fBprintf\fP(3),
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\fBvprintf\fP(3).
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