mirror of
https://git.hardenedbsd.org/hardenedbsd/HardenedBSD.git
synced 2024-11-27 11:20:58 +01:00
522 lines
17 KiB
Groff
522 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
|
|
.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)disklabel.5.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd June 5, 1993
|
|
.Dt DISKLABEL 5
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Nd disk pack label
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.In sys/disklabel.h
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
Each disk or disk pack on a system may contain a disk label
|
|
which provides detailed information
|
|
about the geometry of the disk and the partitions into which the disk
|
|
is divided.
|
|
It should be initialized when the disk is formatted,
|
|
and may be changed later with the
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
program.
|
|
This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap
|
|
program to determine how to program the drive
|
|
and where to find the file systems on the disk partitions.
|
|
Additional information is used by the file system in order
|
|
to use the disk most efficiently and to locate important file system information.
|
|
The description of each partition contains an identifier for the partition
|
|
type (standard file system, swap area, etc.).
|
|
The file system updates the in-core copy of the label if it contains
|
|
incomplete information about the file system.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The label is located in sector number
|
|
.Dv LABELSECTOR
|
|
of the drive, usually sector 0 where it may be found
|
|
without any information about the disk geometry.
|
|
It is at an offset
|
|
.Dv LABELOFFSET
|
|
from the beginning of the sector, to allow room for the initial bootstrap.
|
|
The disk sector containing the label is normally made read-only
|
|
so that it is not accidentally overwritten by pack-to-pack copies
|
|
or swap operations;
|
|
the
|
|
.Dv DIOCWLABEL
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2 ,
|
|
which is done as needed by the
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
program.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A copy of the in-core label for a disk can be obtained with the
|
|
.Dv DIOCGDINFO
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2 ;
|
|
this works with a file descriptor for a block or character (``raw'') device
|
|
for any partition of the disk.
|
|
The in-core copy of the label is set by the
|
|
.Dv DIOCSDINFO
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2 .
|
|
The offset of a partition cannot generally be changed while it is open,
|
|
nor can it be made smaller while it is open.
|
|
One exception is that any change is allowed if no label was found
|
|
on the disk, and the driver was able to construct only a skeletal label
|
|
without partition information.
|
|
Finally, the
|
|
.Dv DIOCWDINFO
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2
|
|
operation sets the in-core label and then updates the on-disk label;
|
|
there must be an existing label on the disk for this operation to succeed.
|
|
Thus, the initial label for a disk or disk pack must be installed
|
|
by writing to the raw disk.
|
|
All of these operations are normally done using
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The format of the disk label, as specified in
|
|
.In sys/disklabel.h ,
|
|
is
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
#ifndef _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
|
|
#define _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
|
|
|
|
#ifndef _KERNEL
|
|
#include <sys/types.h>
|
|
#endif
|
|
#include <sys/ioccom.h>
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Disk description table, see disktab(5)
|
|
*/
|
|
#define _PATH_DISKTAB "/etc/disktab"
|
|
#define DISKTAB "/etc/disktab" /* deprecated */
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Each disk has a label which includes information about the hardware
|
|
* disk geometry, file system partitions, and drive specific information.
|
|
* The label is in block 0 or 1, possibly offset from the beginning
|
|
* to leave room for a bootstrap, etc.
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
/* XXX these should be defined per controller (or drive) elsewhere, not here! */
|
|
#ifdef __i386__
|
|
#define LABELSECTOR 1 /* sector containing label */
|
|
#define LABELOFFSET 0 /* offset of label in sector */
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifdef __alpha__
|
|
#define LABELSECTOR 0
|
|
#define LABELOFFSET 64
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LABELSECTOR
|
|
#define LABELSECTOR 0 /* sector containing label */
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LABELOFFSET
|
|
#define LABELOFFSET 64 /* offset of label in sector */
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#define DISKMAGIC ((u_int32_t)0x82564557) /* The disk magic number */
|
|
#ifndef MAXPARTITIONS
|
|
#define MAXPARTITIONS 8
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#define LABEL_PART 2 /* partition containing label */
|
|
#define RAW_PART 2 /* partition containing whole disk */
|
|
#define SWAP_PART 1 /* partition normally containing swap */
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LOCORE
|
|
struct disklabel {
|
|
u_int32_t d_magic; /* the magic number */
|
|
u_int16_t d_type; /* drive type */
|
|
u_int16_t d_subtype; /* controller/d_type specific */
|
|
char d_typename[16]; /* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
|
|
char d_packname[16]; /* pack identifier */
|
|
|
|
/* disk geometry: */
|
|
u_int32_t d_secsize; /* # of bytes per sector */
|
|
u_int32_t d_nsectors; /* # of data sectors per track */
|
|
u_int32_t d_ntracks; /* # of tracks per cylinder */
|
|
u_int32_t d_ncylinders; /* # of data cylinders per unit */
|
|
u_int32_t d_secpercyl; /* # of data sectors per cylinder */
|
|
u_int32_t d_secperunit; /* # of data sectors per unit */
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Spares (bad sector replacements) below are not counted in
|
|
* d_nsectors or d_secpercyl. Spare sectors are assumed to
|
|
* be physical sectors which occupy space at the end of each
|
|
* track and/or cylinder.
|
|
*/
|
|
u_int16_t d_sparespertrack; /* # of spare sectors per track */
|
|
u_int16_t d_sparespercyl; /* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
|
|
/*
|
|
* Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement, configuration
|
|
* description areas, etc.
|
|
*/
|
|
u_int32_t d_acylinders; /* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
|
|
|
|
/* hardware characteristics: */
|
|
/*
|
|
* d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
|
|
* in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
|
|
* Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the
|
|
* formatter or controller when formatting. When interleaving is
|
|
* in use, logically adjacent sectors are not physically
|
|
* contiguous, but instead are separated by some number of
|
|
* sectors. It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors
|
|
* traversed per logical sector. Thus an interleave of 1:1
|
|
* implies contiguous layout, while 2:1 implies that logical
|
|
* sector 0 is separated by one sector from logical sector 1.
|
|
* d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N relative to
|
|
* sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder. Finally, d_cylskew
|
|
* is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N relative to sector 0
|
|
* on cylinder N-1.
|
|
*/
|
|
u_int16_t d_rpm; /* rotational speed */
|
|
u_int16_t d_interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
|
|
u_int16_t d_trackskew; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
|
|
u_int16_t d_cylskew; /* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
|
|
u_int32_t d_headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
|
|
u_int32_t d_trkseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
|
|
u_int32_t d_flags; /* generic flags */
|
|
#define NDDATA 5
|
|
u_int32_t d_drivedata[NDDATA]; /* drive-type specific information */
|
|
#define NSPARE 5
|
|
u_int32_t d_spare[NSPARE]; /* reserved for future use */
|
|
u_int32_t d_magic2; /* the magic number (again) */
|
|
u_int16_t d_checksum; /* xor of data incl. partitions */
|
|
|
|
/* file system and partition information: */
|
|
u_int16_t d_npartitions; /* number of partitions in following */
|
|
u_int32_t d_bbsize; /* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
|
|
u_int32_t d_sbsize; /* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
|
|
struct partition { /* the partition table */
|
|
u_int32_t p_size; /* number of sectors in partition */
|
|
u_int32_t p_offset; /* starting sector */
|
|
u_int32_t p_fsize; /* file system basic fragment size */
|
|
u_int8_t p_fstype; /* file system type, see below */
|
|
u_int8_t p_frag; /* file system fragments per block */
|
|
union {
|
|
u_int16_t cpg; /* UFS: FS cylinders per group */
|
|
u_int16_t sgs; /* LFS: FS segment shift */
|
|
} __partition_u1;
|
|
#define p_cpg __partition_u1.cpg
|
|
#define p_sgs __partition_u1.sgs
|
|
} d_partitions[MAXPARTITIONS]; /* actually may be more */
|
|
};
|
|
#else /* LOCORE */
|
|
/*
|
|
* offsets for asm boot files.
|
|
*/
|
|
.set d_secsize,40
|
|
.set d_nsectors,44
|
|
.set d_ntracks,48
|
|
.set d_ncylinders,52
|
|
.set d_secpercyl,56
|
|
.set d_secperunit,60
|
|
.set d_end_,276 /* size of disk label */
|
|
#endif /* LOCORE */
|
|
|
|
/* d_type values: */
|
|
#define DTYPE_SMD 1 /* SMD, XSMD; VAX hp/up */
|
|
#define DTYPE_MSCP 2 /* MSCP */
|
|
#define DTYPE_DEC 3 /* other DEC (rk, rl) */
|
|
#define DTYPE_SCSI 4 /* SCSI */
|
|
#define DTYPE_ESDI 5 /* ESDI interface */
|
|
#define DTYPE_ST506 6 /* ST506 etc. */
|
|
#define DTYPE_HPIB 7 /* CS/80 on HP-IB */
|
|
#define DTYPE_HPFL 8 /* HP Fiber-link */
|
|
#define DTYPE_FLOPPY 10 /* floppy */
|
|
#define DTYPE_CCD 11 /* concatenated disk */
|
|
#define DTYPE_VINUM 12 /* vinum volume */
|
|
#define DTYPE_DOC2K 13 /* Msys DiskOnChip */
|
|
|
|
#if defined(PC98) && !defined(PC98_ATCOMPAT)
|
|
#define DSTYPE_SEC256 0x80 /* physical sector size=256 */
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifdef DKTYPENAMES
|
|
static char *dktypenames[] = {
|
|
"unknown",
|
|
"SMD",
|
|
"MSCP",
|
|
"old DEC",
|
|
"SCSI",
|
|
"ESDI",
|
|
"ST506",
|
|
"HP-IB",
|
|
"HP-FL",
|
|
"type 9",
|
|
"floppy",
|
|
"CCD",
|
|
"Vinum",
|
|
"DOC2K",
|
|
NULL
|
|
};
|
|
#define DKMAXTYPES (sizeof(dktypenames) / sizeof(dktypenames[0]) - 1)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* File system type and version.
|
|
* Used to interpret other file system-specific
|
|
* per-partition information.
|
|
*/
|
|
#define FS_UNUSED 0 /* unused */
|
|
#define FS_SWAP 1 /* swap */
|
|
#define FS_V6 2 /* Sixth Edition */
|
|
#define FS_V7 3 /* Seventh Edition */
|
|
#define FS_SYSV 4 /* System V */
|
|
#define FS_V71K 5 /* V7 with 1K blocks (4.1, 2.9) */
|
|
#define FS_V8 6 /* Eighth Edition, 4K blocks */
|
|
#define FS_BSDFFS 7 /* 4.2BSD fast file system */
|
|
#define FS_MSDOS 8 /* MSDOS file system */
|
|
#define FS_BSDLFS 9 /* 4.4BSD log-structured file system */
|
|
#define FS_OTHER 10 /* in use, but unknown/unsupported */
|
|
#define FS_HPFS 11 /* OS/2 high-performance file system */
|
|
#define FS_ISO9660 12 /* ISO 9660, normally CD-ROM */
|
|
#define FS_BOOT 13 /* partition contains bootstrap */
|
|
#define FS_VINUM 14 /* Vinum drive */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef DKTYPENAMES
|
|
static char *fstypenames[] = {
|
|
"unused",
|
|
"swap",
|
|
"Version 6",
|
|
"Version 7",
|
|
"System V",
|
|
"4.1BSD",
|
|
"Eighth Edition",
|
|
"4.2BSD",
|
|
"MSDOS",
|
|
"4.4LFS",
|
|
"unknown",
|
|
"HPFS",
|
|
"ISO9660",
|
|
"boot",
|
|
"vinum",
|
|
NULL
|
|
};
|
|
#define FSMAXTYPES (sizeof(fstypenames) / sizeof(fstypenames[0]) - 1)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* flags shared by various drives:
|
|
*/
|
|
#define D_REMOVABLE 0x01 /* removable media */
|
|
#define D_ECC 0x02 /* supports ECC */
|
|
#define D_BADSECT 0x04 /* supports bad sector forw. */
|
|
#define D_RAMDISK 0x08 /* disk emulator */
|
|
#define D_CHAIN 0x10 /* can do back-back transfers */
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Drive data for SMD.
|
|
*/
|
|
#define d_smdflags d_drivedata[0]
|
|
#define D_SSE 0x1 /* supports skip sectoring */
|
|
#define d_mindist d_drivedata[1]
|
|
#define d_maxdist d_drivedata[2]
|
|
#define d_sdist d_drivedata[3]
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Drive data for ST506.
|
|
*/
|
|
#define d_precompcyl d_drivedata[0]
|
|
#define d_gap3 d_drivedata[1] /* used only when formatting */
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Drive data for SCSI.
|
|
*/
|
|
#define d_blind d_drivedata[0]
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LOCORE
|
|
/*
|
|
* Structure used to perform a format or other raw operation, returning
|
|
* data and/or register values. Register identification and format
|
|
* are device- and driver-dependent.
|
|
*/
|
|
struct format_op {
|
|
char *df_buf;
|
|
int df_count; /* value-result */
|
|
daddr_t df_startblk;
|
|
int df_reg[8]; /* result */
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Structure used internally to retrieve information about a partition
|
|
* on a disk.
|
|
*/
|
|
struct partinfo {
|
|
struct disklabel *disklab;
|
|
struct partition *part;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/* DOS partition table -- located in boot block */
|
|
|
|
#if defined(PC98) && !defined(PC98_ATCOMPAT)
|
|
#define DOSBBSECTOR 0 /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
|
|
#define DOSLABELSECTOR 1 /* 0: 256b/s, 1: 512b/s */
|
|
#define DOSPARTOFF 0
|
|
#define NDOSPART 16
|
|
#define DOSPTYP_386BSD 0x94 /* 386BSD partition type */
|
|
#define MBR_PTYPE_FreeBSD 0x94 /* FreeBSD partition type */
|
|
|
|
struct dos_partition {
|
|
unsigned char dp_mid;
|
|
#define DOSMID_386BSD (0x14|0x80) /* 386bsd|bootable */
|
|
unsigned char dp_sid;
|
|
#define DOSSID_386BSD (0x44|0x80) /* 386bsd|active */
|
|
unsigned char dp_dum1;
|
|
unsigned char dp_dum2;
|
|
unsigned char dp_ipl_sct;
|
|
unsigned char dp_ipl_head;
|
|
unsigned short dp_ipl_cyl;
|
|
unsigned char dp_ssect; /* starting sector */
|
|
unsigned char dp_shd; /* starting head */
|
|
unsigned short dp_scyl; /* starting cylinder */
|
|
unsigned char dp_esect; /* end sector */
|
|
unsigned char dp_ehd; /* end head */
|
|
unsigned short dp_ecyl; /* end cylinder */
|
|
unsigned char dp_name[16];
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
#else /* IBMPC */
|
|
#define DOSBBSECTOR 0 /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
|
|
#define DOSPARTOFF 446
|
|
#define NDOSPART 4
|
|
#define DOSPTYP_386BSD 0xa5 /* 386BSD partition type */
|
|
|
|
struct dos_partition {
|
|
unsigned char dp_flag; /* bootstrap flags */
|
|
unsigned char dp_shd; /* starting head */
|
|
unsigned char dp_ssect; /* starting sector */
|
|
unsigned char dp_scyl; /* starting cylinder */
|
|
unsigned char dp_typ; /* partition type */
|
|
unsigned char dp_ehd; /* end head */
|
|
unsigned char dp_esect; /* end sector */
|
|
unsigned char dp_ecyl; /* end cylinder */
|
|
u_int32_t dp_start; /* absolute starting sector number */
|
|
u_int32_t dp_size; /* partition size in sectors */
|
|
};
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#define DPSECT(s) ((s) & 0x3f) /* isolate relevant bits of sector */
|
|
#define DPCYL(c, s) ((c) + (((s) & 0xc0)<<2)) /* and those that are cylinder */
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Disk-specific ioctls.
|
|
*/
|
|
/* get and set disklabel; DIOCGPART used internally */
|
|
#define DIOCGDINFO _IOR('d', 101, struct disklabel)/* get */
|
|
#define DIOCSDINFO _IOW('d', 102, struct disklabel)/* set */
|
|
#define DIOCWDINFO _IOW('d', 103, struct disklabel)/* set, update disk */
|
|
#define DIOCGPART _IOW('d', 104, struct partinfo) /* get partition */
|
|
|
|
#define DIOCWLABEL _IOW('d', 109, int) /* write en/disable label */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef _KERNEL
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* XXX encoding of disk minor numbers, should be elsewhere.
|
|
*
|
|
* See <sys/reboot.h> for a possibly better encoding.
|
|
*
|
|
* "cpio -H newc" can be used to back up device files with large minor
|
|
* numbers (but not ones >= 2^31). Old cpio formats and all tar formats
|
|
* don't have enough bits, and cpio and tar don't notice the lossage.
|
|
* There are also some sign extension bugs.
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
3 2 1 0
|
|
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
|
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
| TYPE |UNIT_2 | SLICE | MAJOR? | UNIT |PART |
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
*/
|
|
#define dkmakeminor(unit, slice, part) \e
|
|
(((slice) << 16) | (((unit) & 0x1e0) << 16) | \e
|
|
(((unit) & 0x1f) << 3) | (part))
|
|
static __inline dev_t
|
|
dkmodpart(dev_t dev, int part)
|
|
{
|
|
return (makedev(major(dev), (minor(dev) & ~7) | part));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static __inline dev_t
|
|
dkmodslice(dev_t dev, int slice)
|
|
{
|
|
return (makedev(major(dev), (minor(dev) & ~0x1f0000) | (slice << 16)));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#define dkpart(dev) (minor(dev) & 7)
|
|
#define dkslice(dev) ((minor(dev) >> 16) & 0x1f)
|
|
#define dktype(dev) ((minor(dev) >> 25) & 0x7f)
|
|
|
|
static __inline u_int
|
|
dkunit(dev_t dev)
|
|
{
|
|
return (((minor(dev) >> 16) & 0x1e0) | ((minor(dev) >> 3) & 0x1f));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
struct buf;
|
|
struct buf_queue_head;
|
|
|
|
int bounds_check_with_label(struct buf *bp, struct disklabel *lp,
|
|
int wlabel);
|
|
void diskerr(struct buf *bp, char *what, int pri, int blkdone,
|
|
struct disklabel *lp);
|
|
void disksort(struct buf *ap, struct buf *bp);
|
|
u_int dkcksum struct disklabel *lp);
|
|
char *readdisklabel(dev_t dev, struct disklabel *lp);
|
|
void bufqdisksort(struct buf_queue_head *ap, struct buf *bp);
|
|
int setdisklabel(struct disklabel *olp, struct disklabel *nlp,
|
|
u_long openmask);
|
|
int writedisklabel(dev_t dev, struct disklabel *lp);
|
|
#ifdef __alpha__
|
|
void alpha_fix_srm_checksum(struct buf *bp);
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#endif /* _KERNEL */
|
|
|
|
#endif /* LOCORE */
|
|
|
|
#ifndef _KERNEL
|
|
__BEGIN_DECLS
|
|
struct disklabel *getdiskbyname(const char *);
|
|
__END_DECLS
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#endif /* !_SYS_DISKLABEL_H_ */
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr disktab 5 ,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|