HardenedBSD/sys/dev/e1000

$FreeBSD$
FreeBSD* Driver for Intel(R) Ethernet
=====================================

August 7, 2019

Contents
========

- Overview
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Building and Installation
- Additional Features and Configurations
- Known Issues/Troubleshooting
- Support
- License


Overview
========
This file describes the FreeBSD* driver for Intel(R) Ethernet. This driver has
been developed for use with all community-supported versions of FreeBSD.

For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel Ethernet Adapter. All hardware requirements listed
apply to use with FreeBSD.


Identifying Your Adapter
========================
This release includes two gigabit FreeBSD base Drivers for Intel(R) Ethernet.
These drivers are em and igb.

- The igb driver supports all 82575 and 82576-based gigabit network connections.
- The em driver supports all other gigabit network connections.
- Gigabit devices base on the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X722 are supported by
  the ixl driver.

NOTE: The Intel(R) 82562v 10/100 Network Connection only provides 10/100
support.

For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
http://www.intel.com/support


Building and Installation
=========================
NOTE: This driver package is to be used only as a standalone archive and the
user should not attempt to incorporate it into the kernel source tree.

In the instructions below, x.x.x is the driver version as indicated in the name
of the driver tar file.

1. Move the base driver tar file to the directory of your choice. For
   example, use /home/username/em or /usr/local/src/em.

2. Untar/unzip the archive:

   # tar xzf em-x.x.x.tar.gz

This will create the em-x.x.x directory.

3. To install man page:

   # cd em-x.x.x
   # gzip -c em.4 > /usr/share/man/man4/em.4.gz

4. To load the driver onto a running system:

   # cd em-x.x.x/src
   # make
   # kldload ./if_em.ko

5. To assign an IP address to the interface, enter the following:

   # ifconfig em<interface_num> <IP_address>

6. Verify that the interface works. Enter the following, where <IP_address>
   is the IP address for another machine on the same subnet as the interface
   that is being tested:

   # ping <IP_address>

7. If you want the driver to load automatically when the system is booted:

   # cd em-x.x.x/src
   # make
   # make install

Edit /boot/loader.conf, and add the following line:
   if_em_load="YES"

Edit /etc/rc.conf, and create the appropriate ifconfig_em<interface_num> entry:

   ifconfig_em<interface_num>="<ifconfig_settings>"

Example usage:
   ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"

    NOTE: For assistance, see the ifconfig man page.


Additional Features and Configurations
======================================

Speed and Duplex Configuration
------------------------------
In addressing speed and duplex configuration issues, you need to distinguish
between copper-based adapters and fiber-based adapters.

In the default mode, an Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using copper
connections will attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner to determine
the best setting. If the adapter cannot establish link with the link partner
using auto-negotiation, you may need to manually configure the adapter and link
partner to identical settings to establish link and pass packets. This should
only be needed when attempting to link with an older switch that does not
support auto-negotiation or one that has been forced to a specific speed or
duplex mode. Your link partner must match the setting you choose. 1 Gbps speeds
and higher cannot be forced. Use the autonegotiation advertising setting to
manually set devices for 1 Gbps and higher.

Caution: Only experienced network administrators should force speed and duplex
or change autonegotiation advertising manually. The settings at the switch must
always match the adapter settings. Adapter performance may suffer or your
adapter may not operate if you configure the adapter differently from your
switch.

An Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using fiber-based connections, however,
will not attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner since those adapters
operate only in full duplex and only at their native speed.

By default, the adapter auto-negotiates the speed and duplex of the connection.
If there is a specific need, the ifconfig utility can be used to configure the
speed and duplex settings on the adapter.

Example usage:

# ifconfig emX <IP_address> media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex

NOTE: Only use mediaopt to set the driver to full-duplex. If mediaopt is not
specified and you are not running at gigabit speed, the driver defaults to
half-duplex.

If the interface is currently forced to 100 full duplex, you must use this
command to change to half duplex:

# ifconfig emX <IP_address> media 100baseTX -mediaopt full-duplex

This driver supports the following media type options:

Media Type		Description
----------		-----------
autoselect		Enables auto-negotiation for speed and duplex.
10baseT/UTP		Sets speed to 10 Mbps. Use the ifconfig mediaopt
			option to select full-duplex mode.
100baseTX		Sets speed to 100 Mbps. Use the ifconfig mediaopt
			option to select full-duplex mode.
1000baseTX		Sets speed to 1000 Mbps. In this case, the driver
			supports only full-duplex mode.
1000baseSX		Sets speed to 1000 Mbps. In this case, the driver
			supports only full-duplex mode.

For more information on the ifconfig utility, see the ifconfig man page.

Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.

Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where X is the interface number:

# ifconfig emX mtu 9000

To confirm an interface's MTU value, use the ifconfig command.

To confirm the MTU used between two specific devices, use:

# route get <destination_IP_address>

NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16110. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 16132 bytes.

NOTE: Using Jumbo frames at 10 or 100 Mbps is not supported and may result in
poor performance or loss of link.

NOTE: Packet loss may have a greater impact on throughput when you use jumbo
frames. If you observe a drop in performance after enabling jumbo frames,
enabling flow control may mitigate the issue.

NOTE: Some Intel gigabit adapters that support Jumbo Frames have a frame size
limit of 9238 bytes, with a corresponding MTU size limit of 9216 bytes. The
adapters with this limitation are based on the Intel(R) 82571EB, 82572EI,
82573L, 82566, 82562, and 80003ES2LAN controller. These correspond to the
following product names:
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Server Adapter
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Desktop Adapter
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Network Connection
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Adapter
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Network Connection
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Quad Port Server Adapter
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Quad Port Server Adapter
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Server Adapter
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Network Connection
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Dual Port Server Adapter
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PB Server Connection
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 PL Network Connection
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Network Connection with I/O Acceleration
   Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Backplane Connection with I/O Acceleration
   Intel(R) 82566DM-2 Gigabit Network Connection
   Intel(R) 82574L Gigabit Network Connection
   Intel(R) Gigabit CT Desktop Adapter
   Intel(R) 82567LM-4 Gigabit Network Connection
   Intel(R) 82567LM-3 Gigabit Network Connection
   Intel(R) 82567LF-3 Gigabit Network Connection

NOTE: The following adapters limit Jumbo Frames sized packets to a maximum of
4088 bytes:
  - Intel(R) 82578DM Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection
- The following adapters do not support Jumbo Frames:
  - Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter
  - Intel(R) PRO/1000 PM Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82562G 10/100 Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82562G-2 10/100 Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82562GT 10/100 Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82562GT-2 10/100 Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82562V 10/100 Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82562V-2 10/100 Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82566DC-2 Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82566DM Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82566MC Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82566MM Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82567V-3 Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82577LC Gigabit Network Connection
  - Intel(R) 82578DC Gigabit Network Connection
- Jumbo Frames cannot be configured on an 82579-based Network device if
  MACSec is enabled on the system.


VLANS
-----
To create a new VLAN interface:

# ifconfig <vlan_name> create

To associate the VLAN interface with a physical interface and assign a VLAN ID,
IP address, and netmask:

# ifconfig <vlan_name> <ip_address> netmask <subnet_mask> vlan <vlan_id>
vlandev <physical_interface>

Example:

# ifconfig vlan10 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 vlan 10 vlandev em0

In this example, all packets will be marked on egress with 802.1Q VLAN tags,
specifying a VLAN ID of 10.

To remove a VLAN interface:

# ifconfig <vlan_name> destroy


Polling
-------
NOTES:
- Device Polling is only valid for non-SMP kernels.
- The driver has to be built into the kernel for Device Polling to be
  enabled in the driver.

To enable polling in the driver, add the following options to the kernel
configuration, and then recompile the kernel:

  options DEVICE_POLLING
  options HZ=1000

At runtime use:
  ifconfig emX polling (to turn polling on)
and:
  ifconfig emX -polling (to turn it off)


Checksum Offload
----------------
Checksum offloading is not supported on 82542 Gigabit adapters.

Checksum offloading supports both TCP and UDP packets and is supported for both
transmit and receive.

Checksum offloading can be enabled or disabled using ifconfig. Both transmit
and receive offloading will be either enabled or disabled together. You cannot
enable/disable one without the other.

To enable checksum offloading:

# ifconfig emX rxcsum

To disable checksum offloading:

# ifconfig emX -rxcsum

To confirm the current setting:

# ifconfig emX

Look for the presence or absence of the following line:
  options=3 <RXCSUM,TXCSUM>

See the ifconfig man page for further information.


TSO
---
TSO (TCP Segmentation Offload) supports both IPv4 and IPv6. TSO can be disabled
and enabled using the ifconfig utility or sysctl.

NOTE: TSO requires Tx checksum, if Tx checksum is disabled, TSO will also be
disabled.

NOTE: By default only PCI-Express adapters are ENABLED to do TSO. Others can be
enabled by the user at their own risk. TSO is not supported on 82547 or
82544-based adapters, as well as older adapters.

To enable/disable TSO in the stack:

# sysctl net.inet.tcp.tso=0 (or 1 to enable it)

Doing this disables/enables TSO in the stack and affects all installed adapters.

To disable BOTH TSO IPv4 and IPv6:

# ifconfig em<interface_num> -tso

To enable BOTH TSO IPv4 and IPv6:

# ifconfig em<interface_num> tso

You can also enable/disable IPv4 TSO or IPv6 TSO individually. Simply replace
tso|-tso in the above command with tso4 or tso6. For example, to disable
TSO IPv4:

# ifconfig em<interface_num> -tso4

To disable TSO IPv6:

# ifconfig em<interface_num> -tso6


MSI-X
-----
MSI or MSI-X can be turned off by an entry in /etc/sysctl.conf

  hw.em.enable_msi=0

Unload and reload the driver.


Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================

Detected Tx Unit Hang in Quad Port Adapters
-------------------------------------------
In some cases ports 3 and 4 don't pass traffic and report 'Detected Tx Unit
Hang' followed by 'NETDEV WATCHDOG: emX: transmit timed out' errors. Ports 1
and 2 do not show any errors and will pass traffic.

This issue may be resolved by updating to the latest kernel and BIOS. You
should use an OS that fully supports Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) and make
sure that MSI is enabled in your system's BIOS.


There are known performance issues with this driver when running UDP traffic
with Jumbo Frames.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------


82541/82547 can't link or is slow to link with some link partners
-----------------------------------------------------------------
There is a known compatibility issue where time to link is slow or link is not
established between 82541/82547 controllers and some switches. Known switches
include:
  Planex FXG-08TE
  I-O Data ETG-SH8

The driver can be compiled with the following changes:

  Edit ./em.x.x.x/src/if_em.h to change the #define EM_MASTER_SLAVE

For example, change from:

  #define EM_MASTER_SLAVE  e1000_ms_hw_default

to:

  #define EM_MASTER_SLAVE  2

Use one of the following options:
  1 = Master mode
  2 = Slave mode
  3 = Auto master/slave
Setting 2 is recommended.

Recompile the module:
  a. To compile the module
	cd em-x.x.x
	make clean
	make
  b. To install the compiled module in system directory:
	make install


Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
http://www.intel.com/support/

If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to freebsd@intel.com


Copyright(c) 1999-2019 Intel Corporation.


Trademarks
==========
Intel is a trademark or registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its
subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.

* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.