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246 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
246 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rs.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 25, 2011
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.Dt RS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rs
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.Nd reshape a data array
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Oo
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.Fl Oo Cm csCS Oc Ns Op Ar x
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.Oo Cm kKgGw Oc Ns Op Ar N
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.Cm tTeEnyjhHmz
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.Oc
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.Op Ar rows Op Ar cols
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility reads the standard input, interpreting each line as a row
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of blank-separated entries in an array,
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transforms the array according to the options,
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and writes it on the standard output.
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With no arguments it transforms stream input into a columnar
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format convenient for terminal viewing.
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.Pp
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The shape of the input array is deduced from the number of lines
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and the number of columns on the first line.
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If that shape is inconvenient, a more useful one might be
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obtained by skipping some of the input with the
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.Fl k
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option.
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Other options control interpretation of the input columns.
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.Pp
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The shape of the output array is influenced by the
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.Ar rows
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and
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.Ar cols
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specifications, which should be positive integers.
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If only one of them is a positive integer,
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.Nm
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computes a value for the other which will accommodate
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all of the data.
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When necessary, missing data are supplied in a manner
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specified by the options and surplus data are deleted.
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There are options to control presentation of the output columns,
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including transposition of the rows and columns.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl c Ns Ar x
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Input columns are delimited by the single character
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.Ar x .
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A missing
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.Ar x
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is taken to be `^I'.
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.It Fl s Ns Ar x
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Like
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.Fl c ,
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but maximal strings of
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.Ar x
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are delimiters.
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.It Fl C Ns Ar x
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Output columns are delimited by the single character
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.Ar x .
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A missing
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.Ar x
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is taken to be `^I'.
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.It Fl S Ns Ar x
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Like
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.Fl C ,
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but padded strings of
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.Ar x
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are delimiters.
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.It Fl t
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Fill in the rows of the output array using the columns of the
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input array, that is, transpose the input while honoring any
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.Ar rows
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and
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.Ar cols
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specifications.
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.It Fl T
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Print the pure transpose of the input, ignoring any
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.Ar rows
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or
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.Ar cols
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specification.
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.It Fl k Ns Ar N
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Ignore the first
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.Ar N
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lines of input.
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.It Fl K Ns Ar N
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Like
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.Fl k ,
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but print the ignored lines.
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.It Fl g Ns Ar N
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The gutter width (inter-column space), normally 2, is taken to be
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.Ar N .
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.It Fl G Ns Ar N
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The gutter width has
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.Ar N
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percent of the maximum column width added to it.
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.It Fl e
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Consider each line of input as an array entry.
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.It Fl n
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On lines having fewer entries than the first line,
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use null entries to pad out the line.
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Normally, missing entries are taken from the next line of input.
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.It Fl y
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If there are too few entries to make up the output dimensions,
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pad the output by recycling the input from the beginning.
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Normally, the output is padded with blanks.
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.It Fl h
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Print the shape of the input array and do nothing else.
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The shape is just the number of lines and the number of
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entries on the first line.
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.It Fl H
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Like
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.Fl h ,
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but also print the length of each line.
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.It Fl j
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Right adjust entries within columns.
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.It Fl w Ns Ar N
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The width of the display, normally 80, is taken to be the positive
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integer
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.Ar N .
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.It Fl m
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Do not trim excess delimiters from the ends of the output array.
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.It Fl z
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Adapt column widths to fit the largest entries appearing in them.
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.El
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.Pp
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With no arguments,
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.Nm
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transposes its input, and assumes one array entry per input line
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unless the first non-ignored line is longer than the display width.
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Option letters which take numerical arguments interpret a missing
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number as zero unless otherwise indicated.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The
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.Nm
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utility can be used as a filter to convert the stream output
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of certain programs (e.g.,
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.Xr spell 1 ,
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.Xr du 1 ,
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.Xr file 1 ,
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.Xr look 1 ,
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.Xr nm 1 ,
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.Xr who 1 ,
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and
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.Xr wc 1 )
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into a convenient ``window'' format, as in
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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% who | rs
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.Ed
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.Pp
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This function has been incorporated into the
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.Xr ls 1
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program, though for most programs with similar output
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.Nm
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suffices.
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.Pp
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To convert stream input into vector output and back again, use
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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% rs 1 0 | rs 0 1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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A 10 by 10 array of random numbers from 1 to 100 and
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its transpose can be generated with
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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% jot \-r 100 | rs 10 10 | tee array | rs \-T > tarray
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.Ed
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.Pp
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In the editor
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.Xr vi 1 ,
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a file consisting of a multi-line vector with 9 elements per line
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can undergo insertions and deletions,
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and then be neatly reshaped into 9 columns with
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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:1,$!rs 0 9
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Finally, to sort a database by the first line of each 4-line field, try
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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% rs \-eC 0 4 | sort | rs \-c 0 1
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr jot 1 ,
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.Xr pr 1 ,
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.Xr sort 1 ,
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.Xr vi 1
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility first appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Sh BUGS
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.Bl -item
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.It
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Handles only two dimensional arrays.
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.It
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The algorithm currently reads the whole file into memory,
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so files that do not fit in memory will not be reshaped.
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.It
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Fields cannot be defined yet on character positions.
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.It
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Re-ordering of columns is not yet possible.
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.It
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There are too many options.
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.It
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Multibyte characters are not recognized.
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.It
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Lines longer than
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.Dv LINE_MAX
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(2048) bytes are not processed and result in immediate termination of
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.Nm .
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.El
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