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5326bef3de
This looks like it was developed offline, and is being spammed over the top of the existing. "That's fine by me! I dont really care how you do it, just get it in there..." said Jordan in a conversation a short while ago...
123 lines
5.7 KiB
Plaintext
123 lines
5.7 KiB
Plaintext
This is the FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor.
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You should use this editor to create at least the following
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filesystems:
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Name Purpose Min Size? Optional?
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---- ------- --------- ---------
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/ Root filesystem 20MB No
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swap Swap space 2 * MEM No
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/usr System & user files 80MB or more Yes
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Note: If you do not create a /usr filesystem then your / filesystem
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will need to be bigger - at least 100MB. This is not recommended as
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any media errors that may occur during disk I/O to user files will
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corrupt the filesystem containing vital system files as well. It is
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for this reason that / is generally kept on its own filesystem, where
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it's basically considered "read only" by the system and hence a good
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deal safer.
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Swap space is a little tricker, and the rule of "2 * MEM" is simply a
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best-guess approximation and not necessarily accurate for your
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intended usage of the system. If you intend to use the system heavily
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in a server or multi-user application, you may be well advised to
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increase this size. You may also create swap space on multiple drives
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for a larger "total" swap and this is, in fact, recommended if you
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have multiple, fast drives for which such load-balancing can only help
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overall I/O performance.
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The /usr filesystem should be sized according to what kind of
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distributions you're trying to load and how many packages you intend
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to install in locations like /usr/local. You can also make /usr/local
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a separate filesystem if you don't want to risk filling up your /usr
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by mistake.
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Another useful filesystem to create is /var, which contains mail, news
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printer spool files and other temporary items. It is a popular
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candidate for a separate paritition and should be sized according to
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your estimates of the amount of mail, news or spooled print jobs that
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may be stored there.
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WARNING: If you do not create a separate filesystem for /var, space
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for such files will be allocated out of the root (/) filesystem
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instead. You may therefore wish to make the / partition bigger if you
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expect a lot of mail or news and do not want to make /var its own
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partition.
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If you're new to this installation, you should also first understand
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how FreeBSD 2.0.5's new "slices" paradigm for looking at disk storage
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works. It's not very hard to grasp. A "fully qualified slice name",
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that is the name of the file we open in /dev to talk to the slice, is
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optionally broken into 3 parts:
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First you have the disk name. Assume we have two SCSI
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drives in our system, which gives us `sd0' and `sd1'.
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Next you have the "Slice" (or "FDISK Partition") number,
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as seen in the Partition Editor. Assume that our sd0 contains
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two slices, a FreeBSD slice and a DOS slice. This gives us
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sd0s1 and sd0s2. Let's also say that sd1 is completely devoted
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to FreeBSD, so we have only one slice there: sd1s1.
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Next, if a slice is a FreeBSD slice, you have a number of
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(confusingly named) "partitions" you can put inside of it.
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These FreeBSD partitions are where various filesystems or swap
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areas live, and using our hypothetical two-SCSI-disk machine
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again, we might have something like the following layout on sd0:
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Name Mountpoint
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---- ----------
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sd0s1a /
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sd0s1b <swap space>
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sd0s1e /usr
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Because of historical convention, there is also a short-cut,
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or "compatibility slice", that is maintained for easy access
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to the first FreeBSD slice on a disk for those programs which
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still don't know how to deal with the new slice scheme.
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The compatibility slice names for our filesystem above would
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look like:
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Name Mountpoint
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---- ----------
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sd0a /
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sd0b <swap space>
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sd0e /usr
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FreeBSD automatically maps the compatibility slice to the first
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FreeBSD slice it finds (in this case, sd0s1). You may have multiple
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FreeBSD slices on a drive, but only the first one may be the
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compatibility slice!
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The compatibility slice will eventually be phased out, but
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it is still important right now for several reasons:
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1. Some programs, as mentioned before, still don't work
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with the slice paradigm and need time to catch up.
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2. The FreeBSD boot blocks are unable to look for
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a root file system in anything but a compatibility
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slice right now. This means that our root will always
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show up on "sd0a" in the above scenario, even though
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it really lives over on sd0s1a and would otherwise be
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referred to by its full slice name.
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Once you understand all this, then the label editor becomes fairly
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simple. You're either carving up the FreeBSD slices displayed at the
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top of the screen into smaller pieces (displayed in the middle of the
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screen) and then putting FreeBSD file systems on them, Or you're just
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mounting existing partitions/slices into your filesystem hierarchy;
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this editor lets you do both. Since a DOS partition is also just
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another slice as far as FreeBSD is concerned, you can mount one into
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in your filesystem hierarchy just as easily with this editor. For
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FreeBSD partitions you can also toggle the "newfs" state so that
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the partitions are either (re)created from scratch or simply checked
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and mounted (the contents are preserved).
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When you're done, type `Q' to exit.
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No actual changes will be made to the disk until you (C)ommit from the
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Install menu! You're working with what is essentially a copy of
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the disk label(s), both here and in the FDISK Partition Editor.
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