HardenedBSD/share/man/man7/clocks.7
1997-09-04 20:59:33 +00:00

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.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Joerg Wunsch
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.\" $Id: clocks.7,v 1.6 1997/03/21 20:14:09 mpp Exp $
.\" "
.Dd April 1, 1996
.Os
.Dt CLOCKS 7
.Sh NAME
.Nm clocks
.Nd various system timers
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <time.h>
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Ql HZ
is not part of the application interface in BSD.
.Pp
There are many different real and virtual (timekeeping) clocks with
different frequencies:
.Bl -bullet -offset XXX
.It
The scheduling clock. This is a real clock with frequency that
happens to be 100. It isn't available to applications.
.It
The statistics clock. This is a real clock with frequency that
happens to be 128. It isn't directly available to applications.
.It
The clock reported by
.Xr clock 3 .
This is a virtual clock with a frequency that happens to be 128. Its
actual frequency is given by the macro
.Dv CLOCKS_PER_SEC .
Note that
.Dv CLOCKS_PER_SEC
may be floating point. Don't use
.Fn clock
in new programs under
.Tn FreeBSD .
It is feeble compared with
.Xr getrusage 2 .
It is provided for ANSI conformance. It is implemented by calling
.Fn getrusage
and throwing away information and resolution.
.It
The clock reported by
.Xr times 3 .
This is a virtual clock with a frequency that happens to be 128. Its
actual frequency is given by the macro
.Dv CLK_TCK
(deprecated; don't use) and by
.Fn sysconf SC_CLK_TCK
and by
.Xr sysctl 3 .
Note that its frequency may be different from
.Dv CLOCKS_PER_SEC .
Don't use
.Xr times 3
in new programs under
.Tn FreeBSD .
It is feeble compared with
.Xr gettimeofday 2
together with
.Fn getrusage .
It is provided for POSIX
conformance. It is implemented by calling
.Fn gettimeofday
and
.Fn getrusage
and throwing away information and resolution.
.It
The profiling clock. This is a real clock with frequency 1024.
It is used mainly by
.Xr moncontrol 3 ,
.Xr kgmon 8
and
.Xr gprof 1 .
Applications should determine its actual frequency using
.Xr sysctl 3
or by reading it from the header in the profiling data file.
.It
The mc14618a clock. This is a real clock with a nominal frequency of
32768. It is divided down to give the statistic clock and the profiling
clock. It isn't available to applications.
.It
The microseconds clock. This is a virtual clock with frequency
1000000. It is used for most timekeeping in BSD and is exported
to applications in
.Xr getrusage 2 ,
.Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
.Xr select 2 ,
.Xr getitimer 2 ,
etc... This is the clock that should normally be used
by BSD applications.
.It
the i8254 clock. This is a real clock with a nominal frequency of
1193182. It is divided down to give the scheduling clock. It isn't
available to applications.
.It
the i586 clock on i586 systems. This is a real clock with a frequency
of up to 200000000. It is used to interpolate between values of the
scheduling clock. It isn't available to applications.
.El
.Pp
Summary: if
.Ql HZ
isn't 1000000 then the application is probably using the wrong clock.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr gprof 1 ,
.Xr getitimer 2 ,
.Xr getrusage 2 ,
.Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
.Xr select 2 ,
.Xr clock 3 ,
.Xr moncontrol 3 ,
.Xr times 3
.Sh AUTHORS
This man page has been written by
.ie t J\(:org Wunsch
.el Joerg Wunsch
after a description posted by Bruce Evans.