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140 lines
3.7 KiB
Groff
140 lines
3.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991 Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" from: @(#)lgamma.3 6.6 (Berkeley) 12/3/92
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 3, 1992
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.Dt LGAMMA 3
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.Os BSD 4.3
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm lgamma ,
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.Nm lgammaf ,
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.Nm gamma ,
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.Nm gammaf
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.Nd log gamma functions, gamma functions
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <math.h>
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.Ft extern int
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.Fa signgam ;
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.sp
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.Ft double
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.Fn lgamma "double x"
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.Ft float
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.Fn lgammaf "float x"
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.Ft double
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.Fn gamma "double x"
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.Ft float
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.Fn gammaf "float x"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Fn lgamma x
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and
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.Fn lgammaf x
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.if t \{\
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return ln\||\(*G(x)| where
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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\(*G(x) = \(is\d\s8\z0\s10\u\u\s8\(if\s10\d t\u\s8x\-1\s10\d e\u\s8\-t\s10\d dt for x > 0 and
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.br
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\(*G(x) = \(*p/(\(*G(1\-x)\|sin(\(*px)) for x < 1.
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.Ed
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.\}
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.if n \
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return ln\||\(*G(x)|.
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.Pp
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The external integer
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.Fa signgam
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returns the sign of \(*G(x).
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.Pp
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.Fn gamma x
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and
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.Fn gammaf x
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return \(*G(x), with no effect on
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.Fa signgam .
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.Sh IDIOSYNCRASIES
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Do not use the expression
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.Dq Li signgam\(**exp(lgamma(x))
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to compute g := \(*G(x).
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Instead use a program like this (in C):
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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lg = lgamma(x); g = signgam\(**exp(lg);
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Only after
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.Fn lgamma
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or
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.Fn lgammaf
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has returned can signgam be correct.
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.Pp
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For arguments in its range,
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.Fn gamma
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and
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.Fn gammaf
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is preferred, as for positive arguments
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it is accurate to within one unit in the last place.
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Exponentiation of
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.Fn lgamma
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will lose up to 10 significant bits.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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.Fn gamma ,
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.Fn gammaf ,
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.Fn lgamma ,
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and
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.Fn lgammaf
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return appropriate values unless an argument is out of range.
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Overflow will occur for sufficiently large positive values, and
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non-positive integers.
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On the
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.Tn VAX,
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the reserved operator is returned,
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and
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.Va errno
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is set to
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.Er ERANGE .
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For large non-integer negative values,
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.Fn gamma
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will underflow.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr math 3
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Fn lgamma
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function appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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The
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.Fn gamma
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function appeared in
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.Bx 4.4 .
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The name
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.Fn gamma
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was originally dedicated to the
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.Fn lgamma
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function, so some old code may no longer be compatible.
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