mirror of
https://git.hardenedbsd.org/hardenedbsd/HardenedBSD.git
synced 2024-11-29 20:54:13 +01:00
82 lines
3.6 KiB
Plaintext
82 lines
3.6 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Copyright (c) 1982, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)intro.me 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
|
|
.\"
|
|
.sh 1 "Programs to be Profiled"
|
|
.pp
|
|
Software research environments
|
|
normally include many large programs
|
|
both for production use and for experimental investigation.
|
|
These programs are typically modular,
|
|
in accordance with generally accepted principles
|
|
of good program design.
|
|
Often they consist of numerous small routines
|
|
that implement various abstractions.
|
|
Sometimes such large programs are written
|
|
by one programmer
|
|
who has understood the requirements for
|
|
these abstractions, and has programmed them
|
|
appropriately.
|
|
More frequently the program has
|
|
had multiple authors and has
|
|
evolved over time, changing the demands placed
|
|
on the implementation of the abstractions without
|
|
changing the implementation itself.
|
|
Finally, the program may be assembled from a library
|
|
of abstraction implementations
|
|
unexamined by the programmer.
|
|
.pp
|
|
Once a large program is executable,
|
|
it is often desirable to increase its speed,
|
|
especially if small portions of the program
|
|
are found to dominate its execution time.
|
|
The purpose of the \fBgprof\fP profiling tool is to
|
|
help the user evaluate alternative implementations
|
|
of abstractions.
|
|
We developed this tool in response to our efforts
|
|
to improve a code generator we were writing [Graham82].
|
|
.pp
|
|
The \fBgprof\fP design takes advantage of the fact that the programs
|
|
to be measured are large, structured and hierarchical.
|
|
We provide a profile in which the execution time
|
|
for a set of routines that implement an
|
|
abstraction is collected and charged
|
|
to that abstraction.
|
|
The profile can be used to compare and assess the costs of
|
|
various implementations.
|
|
.pp
|
|
The profiler can be linked into a program without
|
|
special planning by the programmer.
|
|
The overhead for using \fBgprof\fP is low;
|
|
both in terms of added execution time and in the
|
|
volume of profiling information recorded.
|