HardenedBSD/share/man/man3/Q_QADDI.3
Edward Tomasz Napierala 5a38af1fb8 Introduce <sys/qmath.h>, a fixed-point math library from Netflix.
This makes it possible to perform mathematical operations
on
fractional values without using floating point. It operates on Q
numbers, which are integer-sized, opaque structures initialized
to hold a chosen number of integer and fractional
bits.


For a general description of the Q number system, see the "Fixed Point
Representation & Fractional Math" whitepaper[1]; for the actual
API see the qmath(3) man page.

This is one of dependencies for the upcoming stats(3) framework[2]
that will be applied to the TCP stack in a later commit.

1. https://www.superkits.net/whitepapers/Fixed%20Point%20Representation%20&%20Fractional%20Math.pdf
2. https://reviews.freebsd.org/D20477

Reviewed by:	bcr (man pages, earlier version), sef (earlier version)
Discussed with:	cem, dteske, imp, lstewart
Sponsored By:	Klara Inc, Netflix
Obtained from:	Netflix
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D20116
2019-08-27 11:46:22 +00:00

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.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2018 Netflix, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd July 8, 2018
.Dt Q_QADDI 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm Q_QADDI ,
.Nm Q_QDIVI ,
.Nm Q_QMULI ,
.Nm Q_QSUBI ,
.Nm Q_QFRACI ,
.Nm Q_QCPYVALI
.Nd fixed-point math functions which apply integers to a Q number
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/qmath.h
.Ft int
.Fn Q_QADDI "QTYPE *a" "ITYPE b"
.Ft int
.Fn Q_QDIVI "QTYPE *a" "ITYPE b"
.Ft int
.Fn Q_QMULI "QTYPE *a" "ITYPE b"
.Ft int
.Fn Q_QSUBI "QTYPE *a" "ITYPE b"
.Ft int
.Fn Q_QFRACI "QTYPE *q" "ITYPE n" "ITYPE d"
.Ft int
.Fn Q_QCPYVALI "QTYPE *q" "ITYPE i"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn Q_QADDI ,
.Fn Q_QDIVI ,
.Fn Q_QMULI
and
.Fn Q_QSUBI
functions add, divide, multiply or subtract
.Fa b
to/by/from
.Fa a
respectively, storing the result in
.Fa a .
.Pp
The
.Fn Q_QFRACI
function computes the fraction
.Fa n
divided by
.Fa d
and stores the fixed-point result in
.Fa q .
.Pp
The
.Fn Q_QCPYVALI
function overwrites
.Fa q Ap s
integer and fractional bits with the Q representation of integer value
.Fa i .
.Pp
All of those functions operate on
the following data types:
.Vt s8q_t ,
.Vt u8q_t ,
.Vt s16q_t ,
.Vt u16q_t ,
.Vt s32q_t ,
.Vt u32q_t ,
.Vt s64q_t ,
and
.Vt u64q_t ,
which are referred to generically as
.Fa QTYPE .
The
.Fa ITYPE
refers to the
.Xr stdint 7
integer types.
.Pp
For more details, see
.Xr qmath 3 .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn Q_QADDI ,
.Fn Q_QDIVI ,
.Fn Q_QMULI ,
.Fn Q_QSUBI ,
.Fn Q_QFRACI
and
.Fn Q_QCPYVALI
functions return 0 on success, or an errno on failure.
.Er EINVAL
is returned for divide-by-zero.
.Er EOVERFLOW
and
.Er ERANGE
are returned for overflow and underflow respectively.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr errno 2 ,
.Xr qmath 3 ,
.Xr stdint 7
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Xr qmath 3
functions first appeared in
.Fx 13.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Xr qmath 3
functions and this manual page were written by
.An Lawrence Stewart Aq Mt lstewart@FreeBSD.org
and sponsored by Netflix, Inc.