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<!doctype html>
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<html lang=en>
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<meta charset=utf-8>
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<title>OpenBSD: Innovations</title>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="openbsd.css">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.openbsd.org/innovations.html">
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<h2 id=OpenBSD>
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<a href="index.html">
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<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
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Innovations
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</h2>
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<hr>
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<p>
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This is a list of software and ideas developed or maintained by the OpenBSD
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project, sorted in order of approximate introduction. Some of them are
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explained in detail in our <a href="events.html">research papers</a>.
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<hr>
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<h3>Concepts</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipsec.4">ipsec(4)</a>:
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Started by John Ioannidis, Angelos D. Keromytis, Niels Provos, and
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Niklas Hallqvist, imported February 20, 1997. OpenBSD was the first
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free operating system to provide an IPSec stack.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/inet6.4">inet6(4)</a>:
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First complete integration and adoption of IPv6 led by
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"Itojun" (Dr. Junichiro Hagino) [WIDE/KAME], Craig Metz [NRL], and
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Angelos D. Keromytis starting Jan 6, 1999.
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Almost fully operational Jun 6, 1999 during the
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<a href="hackathons.html">first OpenBSD hackathon</a>.
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OpenBSD 2.7.
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<li><strong>Privilege separation</strong>:
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First implemented by
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<a href="http://www.citi.umich.edu/u/provos/ssh/privsep.html">Niels Provos</a>
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and Markus Friedl in OpenSSH in March 2002, released with OpenBSD 3.2.
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The concept is now used in many OpenBSD programs, for example
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpd.8">dvmrpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpd.8">eigrpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/file.1">file(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpd.8">ldpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mountd.8">mountd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppd.8">npppd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">ntpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflogd.8">pflogd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radiusd.8">radiusd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/script.1">script(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xconsole.1">xconsole(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xdm.1">xdm(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/Xserver.1">Xserver(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypldap.8">ypldap(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a>,
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etc.
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<li><strong>Privilege revocation</strong>:
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Related to the work on privilege separation, some programs were refactored
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to drop privileges while holding onto a tricky resource such as a raw socket,
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reserved port, or modification-locked bpf(4) descriptor,
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for example
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/traceroute.8">traceroute(8)</a>,
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etc.
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<li><strong>Stack protector</strong>:
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Developed since 2001 as "propolice" by Hiroaki Etoh. Integrated, and
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implemented for additional hardware platforms, by Federico G. Schwindt,
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Miod Vallat and Theo de Raadt. OpenBSD 3.3 was the first operating
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system to enable it systemwide by default.
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<li><strong>W^X</strong>:
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First used for sparc, sparc64, alpha, and hppa in OpenBSD 3.3.
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Strictly enforced by default since OpenBSD 6.0: a program can only
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violate it if the executable is marked with <code>PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED</code>
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and it is located on a filesystem mounted with the <code>wxallowed</code>
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mount.8">mount(8)</a> option.
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<li><strong>GOT and PLT protection</strong> by ld.so:
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first done as part of the W^X work in OpenBSD 3.3, by Dale Rahn and
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Theo de Raadt. The GOT and PLT regions are read-only outside of ld.so
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itself. Extended to the .init/.fini sections (constructors and
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destructors) in OpenBSD 3.4.
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<li><strong>ASLR</strong>:
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OpenBSD 3.4 was the first widely used operating system to
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provide it by default.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gcc-local.1">gcc-local(1)</a>
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__attribute__((__bounded__)) static analysis annotation
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and checking mechanism:
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Started by Anil Madhavapeddy on June 26, 2003
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and ported to GCC 4 by Nicholas Marriott.
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First released with OpenBSD 3.4.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a>
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randomization implemented by Thierry Deval. Guard pages and randomized (delayed) free added by Ted Unangst.
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Reimplemented by <a href="papers/eurobsdcon2009/otto-malloc.pdf">Otto Moerbeek</a>
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for OpenBSD 4.4.
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<li><strong>Position-independent executables (PIE)</strong>:
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OpenBSD 5.3 was the first widely used operating system to enable it
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globally by default, on seven hardware platforms.
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Implemented in November 2008 by
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<a href="https://www.openbsd.org/papers/nycbsdcon08-pie/">Kurt Miller</a>
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and enabled by default by
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<a href="https://www.openbsd.org/papers/asiabsdcon2015-pie-slides.pdf">Pascal Stumpf</a>
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in August 2012.
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<li><strong>Random-data memory</strong>:
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the ability to specify that a variable should be initialized
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at load time with random byte values (placed into a new ELF
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<b>.openbsd.randomdata</b> section) was implemented in
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OpenBSD 5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
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<li><strong>Stack protector per shared object</strong>:
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using the random-data memory feature, each shared object was given its
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own stack protector cookie in OpenBSD 5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
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<li><strong>Static-PIE</strong>:
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Position-independent static binaries for /bin, /sbin and ramdisks.
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Implemented for OpenBSD 5.7 by Kurt Miller and Mark Kettenis.
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<li><strong>SROP</strong>
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(<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sigreturn.2">sigreturn(2)</a>
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oriented programming) mitigation: attacks researched by
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<a href="https://www.cs.vu.nl/~herbertb/papers/srop_sp14.pdf">Eric Bosman</a>
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and Herbert Bos in 2014, solution implemented by Theo de Raadt in May 2016,
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enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0.
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<li><strong>Library order randomization</strong>:
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In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.8">rc(8)</a>, re-link
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<code>libc.so</code>, <code>libcrypto</code>, and <code>ld.so</code>
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on startup, placing the objects in a random order.
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Theo de Raadt and Robert Peichaer, May 2016,
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enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0 and 6.2.
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<li>Kernel-assisted lazy-binding for W^X safety in multi-threaded programs.
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A new syscall <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/kbind.2">kbind(2)</a>
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permits lazy-binding to be W^X safe in multi-threaded programs.
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Implemented for OpenBSD 5.9 by Philip Guenther in July 2015.
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<li>Process layouts in memory tightened to remove execute permission from
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all segmented, non-instruction data and to remove write permission from
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data that is only modified during loading and relocation.
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By combining the RELRO (Read-Only after Relocation) design from the
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GNU project with the original ASLR work from OpenBSD 3.3 and
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strict lazy-binding work from OpenBSD 5.9, this is applied to not
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just a subset of programs and libraries but rather to all programs
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and libraries.
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Implemented for OpenBSD 6.1 by Philip Guenther in August 2016.
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<li>Use of <strong>fork+exec in privilege separated programs</strong>. The
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strategy is to give each process a fresh & unique address space for
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ASLR, stack protector -- as protection against address space discovery attacks.
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Implemented first by
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Damien Miller (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a> 2004),
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Claudio Jeker (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>, 2015),
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Eric Faurot (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>, 2016),
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Rafael Zalamena (various, 2016), and others.
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<li><strong>trapsleds</strong>:
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Reduction of incidental NOP instructions/sequences in the instruction
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stream which could be useful potentially for ROP attack methods to
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innaccurately target gadgets. These NOP sequences are converted into
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trap sequences where possible. Todd Mortimer and Theo de Raadt, June
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2017.
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<li><strong>Kernel relinking at boot</strong>:
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the .o files of the kernel are relinked in random order from a
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link-kit, before every reboot. This provides substantial interior
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randomization in the kernel's text and data segments for layout and
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relative branches/calls. Basically a unique address space for each
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kernel boot, similar to the userland fork+exec model described above
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but for the kernel. Theo de Raadt, June 2017.
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<li>Rearranged i386/amd64 register allocator order in
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang.1">clang(1)</a>
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to reduce polymorphic RET instructions:
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Todd Mortimer, November 20, 2017.
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<li>Reencoding of i386/amd64 instruction sequences to avoid
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embedded polymorphic RET instructions. Enhancements to
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang.1">clang(1)</a>
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Todd Mortimer, April 28, 2018 and onwards.
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<li><b>MAP_STACK</b> addition to
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>
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allows opportunistic verification that the stack-register
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points at stack memory, therefore catching pivots to non-stack
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memory (sometimes used in ROP attacks).
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Theo de Raadt, April 12, 2018.
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<li><b>RETGUARD</b> is a replacement for the <b>stack-protector</b>
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which uses a per-function random cookie (located in the read-only ELF
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<b>.openbsd.randomdata</b> section) to consistency-check the
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return address on the stack. Implemented for amd64 and arm64
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by Todd Mortimer in OpenBSD 6.4, for mips64 in OpenBSD 6.7, and
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powerpc/powerpc64 in OpenBSD 6.9. amd64 system call stubs also
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protected in OpenBSD 7.3.
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<li><b>MAP_CONCEAL</b> addition to
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>
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disallows memory pages to be written to core dumps, preventing
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accidental exposure of private information.
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Theo de Raadt, Mark Kettenis and Scott Soule Cheloha,
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February 2, 2019.
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<li>Similar to the opportunistic verification in <b>MAP_STACK</b>,
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system-calls can no longer be performed from PROT_WRITE memory.
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Theo de Raadt, June 2, 2019.
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<li>System calls may only be performed from selected code regions
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(main program, ld.so, libc.so, and sigtramp).
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Theo de Raadt, November 28, 2019.
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<li>Permissions (RWX, MAP_STACK, etc) on address space regions can be
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made immutable, so that <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mprotect.2">mprotect(2)</a> or
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/munmap.2">munmap(2)</a> fail with
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EPERM. Most of the program static address space is now automatically
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immutable (main program, ld.so, main stack, load-time shared libraries,
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and dlopen()'d libraries mapped without RTLD_NODELETE). Programmers
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can request non-immutable static data using the "openbsd.mutable" section,
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or manually bring immutability to (page aligned heap objects) using
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mimmutable.2">mimmutable(2)</a>.
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Theo de Raadt, Dec 4, 2022.
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<li>sshd random relinking at boot. Theo de Raadt. Jan 18, 2023.
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<li>Some architectures now have non-readable code ("xonly"), both from
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the perspective of userland reading its own memory, or the kernel
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trying to read memory in a system call. Many sloppy practices in
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userland code had to be repaired to allow this. The linker option
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<b>--execute-only</b> is enabled by default. In order of
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development: arm64, riscv64, hppa, amd64,
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powerpc64, powerpc (G5 only), octeon.
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sparc64 (sun4u only, unfinished).
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Mark Kettenis, Theo de Raadt, Visa Hankala, Miod Vallat,
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Dave Voutila, George Koehler in kernel and base, and
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Theo Buehler, Robert Nagy, Christian Weisgerber in ports.
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Dec 2022 - Feb 2023, still ongoing.
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<li>On all architectures which lack hardware-enforcement of xonly,
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system calls are now prevented from reading (via copyin/copyinst)
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inside the program's main text, ld.so text, sigtramp text, or
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libc.so text.
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Theo de Raadt, Jan 2023.
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<li>Architectures which lack xonly mmu-enforcement can still benefit
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from switching to --execute-only binaries if the cpu generates
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different traps for instruction-fetch versus data-fetch. The
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VM system will not allow memory to be read before it was
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executed which is valuable together with library relinking.
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Architectures switched over include loongson.
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Theo de Raadt, Feb 2023.
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<li>ld.so and crt0 register the location of the execve(2) stub with
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the kernel using pinsyscall(2), after which the kernel only accepts
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an execve call from that specific location. Theo de Raadt, Feb 2023.
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<li>Mandatory enforcement of indirect branch targets (BTI on arm64,
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IBT on Intel amd64), unless a linker flag (-Wl,-z,nobtcfi) requests
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no enforcement.
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</ul>
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<h3>Functions</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/issetugid.2">issetugid(2)</a>:
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Theo de Raadt, August 25, 1996, OpenBSD 2.0
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/arc4random.3">arc4random(3)</a>:
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David Mazieres, December 28, 1996, OpenBSD 2.1
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bcrypt.3">bcrypt(3)</a>:
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Implemented by <a href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/usenix99/provos/provos_html/node1.html">Niels Provos and David Mazieres</a>
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Imported February 13, 1997 and first released with OpenBSD 2.1.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strlcpy.3">strlcpy(3)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strlcat.3">strlcat(3)</a>:
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Todd Miller and Theo de Raadt, July 1, 1998, OpenBSD 2.4
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strtonum.3">strtonum(3)</a>:
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Ted Unangst, Todd Miller, and Theo de Raadt, May 3, 2004, OpenBSD 3.6
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/imsg_init.3">imsg</a>:
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Message passing API, written by Henning Brauer.
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In libutil since May 26, 2010, OpenBSD 4.8;
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used by various daemons before that.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/timingsafe_bcmp.3">timingsafe_bcmp(3)</a>:
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Damien Miller, July 13, 2010, OpenBSD 4.9
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/explicit_bzero.3">explicit_bzero(3)</a>:
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Ted Unangst and Matthew Dempsky, January 22, 2014, OpenBSD 5.5
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ohash_init.3">ohash</a>:
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Written and maintained by Marc Espie.
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In libutil since May 12, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6;
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used by make(1) and m4(1) before that.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/asr_run.3">asr</a>:
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Replacement resolver written and maintained by Eric Faurot.
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Imported April 14, 2012; activated on March 26, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/reallocarray.3">reallocarray(3)</a>:
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Theo de Raadt and Ted Unangst, April 22, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getentropy.2">getentropy(2)</a>:
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Matthew Dempsky and Theo de Raadt, June 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sendsyslog.2">sendsyslog(2)</a>:
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Theo de Raadt, July 10, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/timingsafe_memcmp.3">timingsafe_memcmp(3)</a>:
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Matthew Dempsky, July 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a>:
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Theo de Raadt, July 19, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwnam_shadow.3">getpwnam_shadow(3)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwuid_shadow.3">getpwuid_shadow(3)</a>:
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Ted Unangst and Theo de Raadt, November 18, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/recallocarray.3">recallocarray(3)</a>:
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Otto Moerbeek, Joel Sing and Theo de Raadt, March 6, 2017, OpenBSD 6.1
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/freezero.3">freezero(3)</a>:
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Otto Moerbeek, April 10, 2017, OpenBSD 6.2
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a>:
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Theo de Raadt and Bob Beck, July 13, 2018, OpenBSD 6.4
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc_conceal.3">malloc_conceal(3)</a>
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and
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/calloc_conceal.3">calloc_conceal(3)</a>:
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Otto Moerbeek, May 10, 2019, OpenBSD 6.5
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<li><a href=https://man.openbsd.org/ober_read_elements.3>ober</a>:
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ASN.1 basic encoding rules API, written by Claudio Jeker and
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Reyk Flöter, maintained by Rob Pierce and Martijn van Duren;
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started in 2006/07, moved to libutil on May 11, 2019, OpenBSD 6.6
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</ul>
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<h3>Programs and subsystems</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypbind.8">ypbind(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypset.8">ypset(8)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypcat.1">ypcat(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypmatch.1">ypmatch(1)</a>,
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<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypwhich.1">ypwhich(1)</a>,
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and libc support: Started by Theo de Raadt.
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Imported April 26, 1993 and first released with NetBSD 0.9.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypserv.8">ypserv(8)</a>:
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Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1994.
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Imported October 23, 1995 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
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<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mopd.8">mopd(8)</a>:
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Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1993.
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Imported September 21, 1996 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
|
|
<li><a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>:
|
|
Designed and implemented by Chuck Cranor and Theo de Raadt in 1995
|
|
(<a href="papers/anoncvs-paper.pdf">paper</a>,
|
|
<a href="papers/anoncvs-slides.pdf">slides</a>)
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a>:
|
|
Started by Kenneth Stailey.
|
|
Imported January 2, 1997 and first released with OpenBSD 2.1.
|
|
Now maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.openssh.com/">OpenSSH</a>
|
|
including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1">scp(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Dug Song, Markus Friedl,
|
|
Niels Provos, and Theo de Raadt
|
|
as a fork of SSH 1.2.12 by Tatu Ylonen.
|
|
Imported September 26, 1999 and first released with OpenBSD 2.6.
|
|
Now maintained by Markus Friedl, Damien Miller, Darren Tucker, and
|
|
Theo de Raadt.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mg.1">mg(1)</a>:
|
|
Started by Dave Conroy in November 1986.
|
|
Imported February 25, 2000 and first released with OpenBSD 2.7.
|
|
Now maintained by Mark Lumsden.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/m4.1">m4(1)</a>:
|
|
Originally implemented by Ozan Yigit and Richard A. O'Keefe for 4.3BSD-Reno.
|
|
Considerably extended and maintained by Marc Espie since 1999.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflogd.8">pflogd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/authpf.8">authpf(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ftp-proxy.8">ftp-proxy(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Daniel Hartmeier as a replacement for the non-free ipf by
|
|
Darren Reed. Imported June 24, 2001 and first released with OpenBSD
|
|
3.0. Now maintained by Henning Brauer.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.4">systrace(4)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.1">systrace(1)</a>:
|
|
Started by Niels Provos.
|
|
Imported June 4, 2002 and first released with OpenBSD 3.2.
|
|
Deleted after OpenBSD 5.9 because
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a> is even better.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/spamd.8">spamd(8)</a>:
|
|
Written by Bob Beck. Imported December 21, 2002 and first released with
|
|
OpenBSD 3.3.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dc.1">dc(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek.
|
|
Imported September 19, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bc.1">bc(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek.
|
|
Imported September 25, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sensorsd.8">sensorsd(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Henning Brauer.
|
|
Imported September 24, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
|
|
Reworked by Constantine A. Murenin.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Marc Espie.
|
|
Imported October 16, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a>:
|
|
Written by Mickey Shalayeff, Markus Friedl, Marco Pfatschbacher,
|
|
and Ryan McBride.
|
|
Imported October 17, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.openbgpd.org/">OpenBGPD</a>
|
|
including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>
|
|
and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Henning Brauer and Claudio Jeker,
|
|
and also maintained by Peter Hessler.
|
|
Imported December 17, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Ted Lemon and Elliot Poger in 1996.
|
|
Imported January 18, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
|
|
Reworked by Henning Brauer.
|
|
Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Ted Lemon in 1995.
|
|
Imported April 13, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
|
|
Reworked by Henning Brauer.
|
|
Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hotplugd.8">hotplugd(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Alexander Yurchenko.
|
|
Imported May 30, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.openntpd.org/">OpenNTPD</a>
|
|
including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">ntpd(8)</a>
|
|
and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpctl.8">ntpctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Henning Brauer.
|
|
Imported May 31, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
|
|
Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dpb.1">dpb(1)</a>:
|
|
Started by Nikolay Sturm on August 10, 2004; first available for OpenBSD 3.6.
|
|
Rewritten and maintained by Marc Espie since August 20, 2010.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfctl.8">ospfctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
|
|
Imported January 28, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.7.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifstated.8">ifstated(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Marco Pfatschbacher and Ryan McBride.
|
|
Imported January 23, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bioctl.8">bioctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Marco Peereboom.
|
|
Imported March 29, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostapd.8">hostapd(8)</a>:
|
|
Written by Reyk Flöter.
|
|
Imported May 26, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/watchdogd.8">watchdogd(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Marc Balmer.
|
|
Imported August 8, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sdiff.1">sdiff(1)</a>:
|
|
Written by Ray Lai.
|
|
Imported December 27, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.9.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpd.8">dvmrpd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpctl.8">dvmrpctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Esben Norby.
|
|
Imported June 1, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.0.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripctl.8">ripctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Michele Marchetto.
|
|
Imported October 18, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg-config.1">pkg-config(1)</a>:
|
|
Started by Chris Kuethe and Marc Espie.
|
|
Imported November 27, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
|
|
Now maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
|
|
with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayctl.8">relayctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard and Reyk Flöter.
|
|
Imported December 16, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
|
|
Now maintained by Sebastian Benoit.<br/>
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cwm.1">cwm(1)</a>:
|
|
Started by <a href="https://monkey.org/~marius/cwm/README">Marius
|
|
Aamodt Eriksen</A> in 2004.
|
|
Imported April 27, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2.
|
|
Now maintained by Okan Demirmen.
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/chneukirchen/cwm">Portable version</a>
|
|
maintained by Leah Neukirchen.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6ctl.8">ospf6ctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
|
|
Imported October 8, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/libtool.1">libtool(1)</a>:
|
|
Written by Steven Mestdagh and Marc Espie.
|
|
Imported October 28, 2007 and first available for OpenBSD 4.3.
|
|
Now maintained by Marc Espie, Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse,
|
|
and Antoine Jacoutot.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Reyk Flöter.
|
|
Imported December 5, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.3.
|
|
Now maintained by Martijn van Duren.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysmerge.8">sysmerge(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot,
|
|
originally forked from mergemaster by Douglas Barton.
|
|
Imported April 22, 2008, first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypldap.8">ypldap(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard.
|
|
Imported June 26, 2008 and first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.opensmtpd.org/">OpenSMTPD</a>
|
|
including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpctl.8">smtpctl(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/makemap.8">makemap(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Gilles Chehade.
|
|
Imported November 1, 2008 and first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
|
|
Now maintained by Gilles Chehade and Eric Faurot.
|
|
<li><a href="https://tmux.github.io/">tmux</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>:
|
|
Started in 2007 and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
|
|
Imported June 1, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpd.8">ldpd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpctl.8">ldpctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Michele Marchetto.
|
|
Imported June 1, 2009 and first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
|
|
Now maintained by Claudio Jeker.
|
|
<li><a href="https://mdocml.bsd.lv/">mandoc</a>
|
|
including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.1">mandoc(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apropos.1">apropos(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/makewhatis.8">makewhatis(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.cgi.8">man.cgi(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Kristaps Dzonsons in November 2008.
|
|
Imported April 6, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
|
|
Now maintained by Ingo Schwarze.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapctl.8">ldapctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written by Martin Hedenfalk.
|
|
Imported May 31, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.openiked.org/">OpenIKED</a>
|
|
including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
|
|
and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ikectl.8">ikectl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Reyk Flöter.
|
|
Imported June 3, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
|
|
Now maintained by Tobias Heider.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iscsid.8">iscsid(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iscsictl.8">iscsictl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Claudio Jeker.
|
|
Imported September 24, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.9.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.d.8">rc.d(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.subr.8">rc.subr(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Robert Nagy and Antoine Jacoutot.
|
|
Imported October 26, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.9.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tftpd.8">tftpd(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by David Gwynne.
|
|
Imported March 2, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.2.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppd.8">npppd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppctl.8">npppctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
|
|
Imported January 11, 2010, first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
|
|
Maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldomd.8">ldomd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldomctl.8">ldomctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Mark Kettenis.
|
|
Imported October 26, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
|
|
Imported November 23, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cu.1">cu(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
|
|
Imported July 10, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/identd.8">identd(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by David Gwynne.
|
|
Imported March 18, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slowcgi.8">slowcgi(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
|
|
Imported May 23, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by <a href="https://www.tedunangst.com/flak/post/signify">Ted Unangst</a>.
|
|
Imported December 31, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/htpasswd.1">htpasswd(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
|
|
Imported March 17, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.libressl.org/">LibreSSL</a>:
|
|
Started by Ted Unangst, Bob Beck, Joel Sing, Miod Vallat, Philip Guenther,
|
|
and Theo de Raadt on April 13, 2014, as a fork of OpenSSL 1.0.1g.
|
|
First released with OpenBSD 5.6.
|
|
Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>:
|
|
Started by Reyk Flöter.
|
|
Imported July 12, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rcctl.8">rcctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
|
|
Imported August 19, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.7.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/file.1">file(1)</a>:
|
|
Rewritten from scratch and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
|
|
Imported April 24, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/doas.1">doas(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Ted Unangst.
|
|
Imported July 16, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radiusd.8">radiusd(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
|
|
Imported July 21, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpd.8">eigrpd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpctl.8">eigrpctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Renato Westphal.
|
|
Imported October 2, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a>,
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a>:
|
|
Written by Mike Larkin and Reyk Flöter.
|
|
Imported November 13, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pdisk.8">pdisk(8)</a>:
|
|
Originally written by Eryk Vershen in 1996-1998,
|
|
rewritten and maintained by Kenneth Westerback since January 11, 2016
|
|
and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mknod.8">mknod(8)</a>:
|
|
Original version from Version 6 AT&T UNIX (1975),
|
|
last rewritten by Marc Espie on March 5, 2016
|
|
and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/audioctl.1">audioctl(1)</a>:
|
|
Originally written by Lennart Augustsson in 1997,
|
|
rewritten and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov since June 21, 2016
|
|
and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acme-client.1">acme-client(1)</a>:
|
|
Written by Kristaps Dzonsons, imported August 31, 2016; released
|
|
with OpenBSD 6.1.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syspatch.8">syspatch(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
|
|
Imported September 5, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a>:
|
|
Restructured to include IPv6 functionality and maintained by Florian Obser.
|
|
The separate
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.0/ping6.8">ping6(8)</a>
|
|
was superseded on September 17, 2016,
|
|
and the new, combined version was released with OpenBSD 6.1.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xenodm.1">xenodm(1)</a>:
|
|
Cleaned-up fork of
|
|
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.0/xdm.1">xdm(1)</a>
|
|
maintained by Matthieu Herrb.
|
|
Imported October 23, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ocspcheck.8">ocspcheck(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Bob Beck.
|
|
Imported January 24, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
|
|
Imported March 18, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.2.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rad.8">rad(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
|
|
Imported July 10, 2018; released with OpenBSD 6.4.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
|
|
Imported January 23, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/openrsync.1">openrsync(1)</a>:
|
|
Written by Kristaps Dzonsons.
|
|
Imported February 10, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.5.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysupgrade.8">sysupgrade(8)</a>:
|
|
Written by Christian Weisgerber, Florian Obser, and Theo de Raadt.
|
|
Imported April 25, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.6.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmp.1">snmp(1)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Martijn van Duren.
|
|
Imported August 9, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.6.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rpki-client.8">rpki-client(8)</a>:
|
|
Written by Kristaps Dzonsons, maintained by Claudio Jeker.
|
|
Imported June 17, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.7.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/resolvd.8">resolvd(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Florian Obser and Theo de Raadt.
|
|
Imported February 24, 2021; released with OpenBSD 6.9.
|
|
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpleased.8">dhcpleased(8)</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
|
|
Imported February 26, 2021; released with OpenBSD 6.9.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
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<h3>Projects maintained by OpenBSD developers outside OpenBSD</h3>
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|
|
|
<ul>
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|
<li><a href="https://www.sudo.ws/">sudo</a>:
|
|
Started by Bob Coggeshall and Cliff Spencer around 1980.
|
|
Imported November 18, 1999, first released with OpenBSD 2.7.
|
|
Now maintained by Todd Miller.
|
|
<li><a href="http://bulabula.org/femail/">femail</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Henning Brauer.
|
|
Started in 2005, port available since September 22, 2005.
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.midish.org/">midish</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
|
|
Started in 2003, port available since November 4, 2005.
|
|
<li><a href="https://github.com/nicm/fdm">fdm</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
|
|
Started in 2006, port available since January 18, 2007.
|
|
<li><a href="https://github.com/ajacoutot/toad/">toad</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
|
|
Started in 2013, port available since October 8, 2013.
|
|
<li><a href="https://mandoc.bsd.lv/docbook2mdoc/">docbook2mdoc</a>:
|
|
Started by Kristaps Dzonsons in 2014, maintained by Ingo Schwarze.
|
|
Port available since April 3, 2014.
|
|
<li><a href="https://jasperla.github.io/portroach/">portroach</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse,
|
|
originally forked from FreeBSD's portscout.
|
|
Started in 2014, port available since September 5, 2014.
|
|
<li><a href="https://github.com/yasuoka/cvs2gitdump">cvs2gitdump</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
|
|
Started in 2012, port available since August 1, 2016.
|
|
<li><a href="https://gameoftrees.org">Game of Trees</a>:
|
|
Written and maintained by Stefan Sperling.
|
|
Started in 2017, port available since August 9, 2019.
|
|
</ul>
|